Thiazolidinediones are used in diabetes. Common TZDs are pioglitazone [Actos] and rosiglitazone [Avandia]. They increase subcutaneous fat tissue and cause fluid retention.
Calcium channel blockers are prescribed for hypertension. Common CCBs are verapamil [Calan, Covera-HS, Isoptin, Verelan], nifedipine [Adalat, Procardia, Procardia XL], nicardipine [Cardene], and nimopidine [Nimotop]. They cause fluid retention.
Oral corticosteroids are prescribed to reduce inflammation. However, they weaken tissue and cause fluid retention and rebound inflammation. Nasal or inhaled corticosteroids have less effect.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are taken for pain but can create fluid retention. Common NSAIDs are aspirin [Disprin], ibuprofen [Nurofen, naproxen [Naprosyn], diclofenac [Voltaren], and celecoxib [Celebrex].
Sex hormones are prescribed for hormone replacement but can create fluid retention and are implicated to effect the development of lipedema.
Beta blockers are prescribed for cardiac health but can cause fluid retention. Common BBs are atenolol [Tenormin], bisoprolol [Cardicor, Emcor], carvedilol [Coreg], metoprolol [Betaloc, Lopressor, Toprol], nebivolol [Bystolic], and propranolol [Inderal].
Clonidine [Catapres] is prescribed for hypertension but can cause fluid retention.
Gabapentin is prescribed for seizures and nerve pain but can cause fluid retention.
Furosemide [Lasix] is prescribed for edema. It strongly binds to plasma proteins, eventually halting fluid flux. The diuretics spironolactone [Aldactone] and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) [Microzide] have less adverse effects with lipedema.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/obesity_subcut_adip.T…/
